MAKING
THINGS
- 1. List two problems that arises when
machines are used to make things.
- 2. Name three tools a carpenter uses.
- 3. What should a good painter know about
paints and painting?
- 4. What we need for making things?
- 5. Illustrate how a wooden table is manufactured?
- 6. Write pros and cons of machine made things
over man made things.
- 7. Write the procedure of construction of
building by different professionals using different tools.
- 8. Write definitions:
- a) Raw materials
- b) Energy
- c) Tools and machine:
- d) Labour
ANSWER
- 1. The two problems that are created by
machine made things are:
- a. We use fuel to run machines which
produces smoke, poisonous gases and harmful wastes. The smoke and gases pollute
air and harmful wastes pollute water and land as they are thrown there by
factories.
- b. The computerised machines have
replaced human workers which causes people to lose their jobs and increase in
unemployment.
- 2. A carpenter uses the following tools:
- a) A saw to cut woods
- b) A plane to make wood flat.
- c) A drill to make holes in wood
- d) A screwdriver to put screws in the
wood.
- e) A hammer to fix nails in the wood.
- 3. A painter should know what kinds of
paints are suitable for different types of surfaces and should also know the
correct method of painting for the paint to last a long time.
- 4. We need the following to make things:
- a) Raw materials
- b) Tools and machines
- c) Energy
- d) Labour
- 5. A wooden table is manufactured in the
following procedure:
- a) A carpenter cut wood into pieces of
right size by using saw. Wood is raw material and saw is tool here. Carpenter
himself is labour and his muscle energy is source of energy.
- b) The pieces are then made flat by using plane.
- c) Drill is used to mane whole in the
pieces.
- d) The pieces are then joined together
with nails by using hammer.
- e) A screwdriver is used to put screws
in the wood.
- 6. Pros.: a) Machine made things need less time for
production than man made things.
- b) Computerised machines are fitted with designs which has made the process easier.
- c) Computerised machines has replaced human efforts and energy. Thus very little labour is required.
- d) a large number of things produces in a short time with lesser wastage of raw materials and minimum uses of labour. That has made things cheaper.
- Cons.: a) As machines are used by fuel it emit smoke and gases which pollute air. Machines also produces waste materials which are thrown in land and water and thus both land and water et polluted.
- b) Machines run with fuels which are natural resources of energy. Thus natural resources of energy are decreasing day by day.
- c) Machines have increased unemployment by replacing human labours and workers.
- 7. The procedure is as under:
- a) The Architect designs the building by himself
or by using a computer.
- b) The mason lays bricks and prepare cement to
make the walls and roof of the building. For this purpose he uses a trowel to
put the cement and a plumb line to make the wall straight.
- c) The plumber fits water pipes, taps,
washbasins, pots such as no leakage occurs and for this purpose he uses pilers
and wrench.
- d) The carpenter makes doors, windows
and cupboards by using saw for cutting wood, a plane to make wood flat, a drill
to make wholes in wood, a screwdriver to put screws in the wood, a hammer to
fix nails in the wood. The carpenter knows how to prepare wood before use and
which wood is good for different purpose.
- e) An electrician fits wires, switches,
bulbs, fans etc by using pliers, drill and screwdriver. He knows which kind of
wires to use and how to join them such as nobody suffers an electric shock.
- f) A painter paints wall using paint
brush. He know the technique of painting to last for long time and different
kind of paints for different surfaces.
- 8. The definitions are as under:
- a) Raw Materials: The basic material
from which a product is made.
- b) Tools and machines: tools and
machines are equipment that help people to make things from raw ,materials.
- c) Energy: The power that comes from
fuel, electricity etc to drive a machine for making things.
- d) Labour: Any skilled or unskilled person who works to make things.
THE HUMAN BODY
- 1. What is skeleton? What are the
functions of skeleton?
- 2. What is muscle? How do muscles
function?
- 3. Write the definition of nerve. How
does nervous system work?
- 4. Draw the digestion system and
describe how does digestion system
works.
- 5. Draw the respiratory system and
describe.
- 6. Why is pumping of blood through the
body important?
- 7. How can you make your muscles strong?
- 8. Describe functions of kidney.
- 9. We eat food only three or four times
a day. But we breathe all the time. Why?
- 10.What do you think will happen if
someone’s kidneys do not work properly?
- 11.The heart is a very delicate organ in
your chest. But if you hit your chest the heart does not get damaged. Why?
- 12.
Work
People Do
- 1. Who is a Journalist?
- 2. Who is a Photographer?
- 3. Who is an Editor?
- 4. Who is an proof-reader?
- 5. Write the name of
professionals who are associated with newspaper publishing and getting to us.
- 6. Why do people need to have
an occupation?
- 7. What is farming? Why farming
is important in our country?
- 8. What is Poultry farming?
- 9. What is factory? Name two
things that are done in a factory?
- 10. What is Cattle farming?
- 11. Make a list of ten
occupations.
- 12. What do people working in
the entertainment industry do?
- 13. Why fishing is a more
important occupation in Kerala and Tamil Nadu than in Delhi and Punjab?
- 14. Why do we require transport
service?
- 15. Who are craftsman?
- 16. Put Y for true and N for
false.
- a) One of the main reasons for
having an occupation is to earn money.
- b) A number of people work to
make something useful and reach to us.
- c) A farmer grows crops and
sell it to us.
- d) All factories are big and
employ thousands of people.
- e) A craftsman does not use
machines for his work.
- 17. Fill in the blanks.
- a) Goods made in factories are
sold to us by _______________.(Shopkeepers/farmers)
- b) Metal are used to make
____________(Cars/Clothes).
- c) A person who collects news
is called __________________( Proof reader/ Journalist)
- d) A person who checks an
articles for mistakes is calles________________( proof reader/ Editor)
- e) Letters/ parcels are sent
by_________ and____________ services.( Postal/ Courier / tourism/medical)
- 18. Write the converted product of the following
things in factory/workshop.
- a) Wood:
- b) Metal:
- c) Plastic:
- d) Oilseed:
- e) Cotton:
- f) Milk:
- g) Crude oil:
- h) Water:
- Answer
- 1. A Journalist is a person who
visits different places and talks to a number of people to write an article
that appears in newspaper.
- 2. A photographer is a person
who takes suitable photographs to publish in the newspaper with an article.
- 3. A newspaper editor is a
person who decides which articles will appear in the next day newspaper and its
headlines.
- 4. A proof-reader is a person
who check the articles for mistakes.
- 5. The below mentioned
professionals are associated with
newspaper publishing and getting to us:
- a) Editor who assigns journalists for
collection of news and decides which article will appear in newspaper.
- b) Journalist who collects news by
visiting different places and by talking to different persons and write down
the same in form of an article.
- c) Photographer who takes suitable
photographs to be published with an article as a convincing illustration of the
written fact.
- d) Artist and Computer Operator are person
who put together all these articles and photographs to make the pages of the
newspaper.
- e) Proof Reader is the person who finally
check the articles for its mistakes.
- f) Machine operator in printing
press is
the person who work for the whole night to print the final pages of news
articles so that the newspaper is ready for the morning.
- g) News paper Vendor pick up the news paper and deliver it to us.
- 6. Any work job or profession that helps people to earn
money to secure their basic needs with a satisfaction of doing something useful
to the society is called an occupation. People need occupation to earn money
with satisfaction of mind and social respect.
- 7. Farming is the activity of growing crops or
rearing animals by following some scientific processes for procurement of food
and raw materials. Ex.: Cultivation of paddy, wheat, pulses, oilseeds, spices,
vegetables, poultry, fishery etc.
- Farming is important in India as India is agriculture based country. It has sufficient fertile land area and abundant source of farming water and cheap labour. 70% of Indian households depend on farming. It provides employment to 60% of population.
- 8. Poultry farming is rearing
of mainly hens and ducks to produce meet and egg for food .
- 9. A factory is an industrial
site, may be small with a few machines and employing only a few people or may
be big with big machines employing thousands of people, where goods are
manufactured or processed to meet the demand of the society.
- Two things done in a factory are as under:
- a) Oil seed are converted in
oil for our use.
- b) Cotton is converted in
clothes.
- 10. Cattle farming is rearing of cattle
mainly like goats, cows and buffaloes
for milk, meat, leather to meet the demand of food, leather products, milk
products for society. Rearing animals only for milk is called Dairy farming.
- 11 . Ten occupations are:
- a) Farmer
- b) Doctor
- c) Teacher
- d) Shopkeeper
- e) Worker
- f) Writer
- g) Postman
- h) Actor
- i) Barber
- j) Cobbler
- 12 In an entertainment industry a number of people are associated with making of films, television shows or putting up plays in theatres for our entertainment purpose. A Producers finances a project. A Director directs a project. Actors act in a project. Story writer writes the story of the project. Photographer, cameraman, Lightman are associated with shooting of the project. Singer sings song. Lyricist writes song. Music director composes music of the project. Script writer writes the script. There are many other people associated with an entertainment project.
- 13 Fishing is more important in Kerala and Tamil Nadu than in Haryana and Delhi because of their geographical placement. The former two places are situated by the sea side and there are also a plenty of water resources like rivers present in these two states. On the other side in case of later two states both of them are situated far from sea side surrounded with land and there is also a very few number of rivers flow in these two places.
- 14 We require transport service for movement of raw materials to factories and finished goods from factories to shopkeepers.
- 15 Craftsman are people who have learnt special skills and work with their hand and small machines in their workshop to convert things into useful materials.
- Thus Wood converted into furniture by carpenters, clay into pots by potters, Cotton into cloth by weavers etc.
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